Yakov Vilner (1899, Odesa – 29 June 1931, Leningrad) was a Ukrainian chess master.
He won the Ukrainian championships three times; at Kyiv 1924 (ahead of Fedor Bohatirchuk), at Kharkiv 1925 (ahead of Nikolai Sorokin), and at Odesa 1928 (with Vladimir Kirillov).
In July 1923, he tied for 11-13th in Petrograd (2nd URS-ch; Peter Romanovsky won).
In September 1924, he tied for 6-8th in Moscow (3rd URS-ch; Efim Bogoljubow won).
In October 1927, he tied for 15-17th in Moscow (5th URS-ch; Bohatirchuk and Romanovsky won).