Known for its natural beauty, agricultural significance, and as one of Australia's prominent wine-producing areas, the valley stretches from the upper reaches of the river near its source in the Yarra Ranges National Park down to the flatter lands as it approaches Melbourne.

The valley runs along the river as it flows westward, descending through a series of environmental zones from mountain ranges and dense bushland to gentler, fertile plains that support vineyards and farmland.

The term "Yarra Valley" commonly refers to the upper and middle regions surrounding the river, where the landscape is defined by rolling hills and agricultural lands.

Historically part of the former Shire of Upper Yarra, this sub-region is known for its forested mountains and national parks, as well as its cooler climate, which impacts local agriculture and viticulture.

The agricultural output supports a growing culinary scene, with regional restaurants and markets offering farm-to-table produce and gourmet foods that are increasingly popular with both locals and visitors.