Yisrael Bar-Yehuda (Hebrew: ישראל בר-יהודה, 15 November 1895 – 15 May 1965) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician.

Born Yisrael Idelson in Konotop, in the Chernigov Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Sumy Oblast, Ukraine) in 1895,[1] Bar-Yehuda attended an Academic High School and the Mine Engineering Institute in Ekaterinoslav.

In 1909 joined Tze'irei Zion (later to be merged into Hashomer Hatzair) and was made a member of its central committee in Russia in 1917.

He was Secretary of the Central Committee of the "Socialist Zionists", where he met and married Beba Idelson (whom he would later divorce).

The "Bar-Yehuda" neighborhood in Petach Tikva is named after him as well as Bar Yehuda Airfield and the road from Yagur to the HaKerayot intersection.