Rudnick is a professor at the School of Mathematical Sciences and the Cissie and Aaron Beare Chair in Number Theory at Tel Aviv University.

Rudnick received his PhD from Yale University in 1990 under the supervision of Ilya Piatetski-Shapiro and Roger Evans Howe.

[1] Rudnick joined Tel Aviv University in 1995, after working as an assistant professor at Princeton and Stanford.

In 2003–4 Rudnick was a Leverhulme visiting professor at the University of Bristol and in 2008–2010 and 2015–2016 he was a member of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton.

He has contributed to one of the discoveries concerning the Riemann zeta function, namely, that the Riemann zeros appear to display the same statistics as those which are believed to be present in energy levels of quantum chaotic systems and described by random matrix theory.