Zhao Tingyang (simplified Chinese: 赵汀阳; traditional Chinese: 趙汀陽; pinyin: Zhào Tīngyáng; born 1961 in Guangdong, China) is a political philosopher credited with modernising the ancient Chinese concept of Tianxia.
[1][2] He argues that the concept of a new Tianxia or all-under-heaven can offer an alternative blueprint for creating a more peaceful and inclusive world.
[3] Zhao Tingyang graduated from Renmin University of China and Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and is now a professor in the Institute of Philosophy at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and is a senior fellow of Peking University Berggruen Research Institute.
[citation needed] In 2005, he published The Tianxia System: An Introduction to the Philosophy of a World Institution.
[citation needed] According to Zhao's reconstruction of the tianxia system, tianxia presupposed "inclusion of all" and implied acceptance of the world's diversities, emphasizing harmonious reciprocal dependence and ruled by virtue as a means for lasting peace.