Þórður Þorláksson (14 August 1637 – 17 March 1697), also known by the Latinized name Theodorus Thorlacius, was the Lutheran bishop of Skálholt from 1674 until his death.

Þórður returned to Iceland in 1660 to serve as headmaster of Hólaskóli but went abroad again in 1663 to study in Rostock and the Wittenberg.

He also travelled to Paris, Belgium, and the Netherlands, as well as visiting Stangaland, Norway, where he worked with the historian Þormóður Torfason.

[5] In addition to geography, Þórður was interested in agriculture and he oversaw experiments with different varieties of wheat in Skálholt.

Their sons were Þorlákur, a school headmaster in Skálholt, and Brynjólfur, a farmer and district magistrate in Rangárvallasýsla.