[4][5][3] The 30-06 Springfield cartridge (pronounced “thirty-ought-six”, "thirty-oh-six") or 7.62×63mm in metric notation, was introduced to the United States Army in 1906 (hence “06”) where it was in use until the late 1970s.

The 226 Express subvariant, reduces shoulder and neck diameter with a long, slender body taper on the 30-06 case.

[7] (also 243–06) - necked down to accept a .243 bullet - Once considered significantly overbore, the cartridge is now used primarily with slower burning powders capable of exploiting the larger case capacity.

[9] The 6mm-06 can drive a 105 grain .243 caliber projectile in excess of 3200 feet per second (fps), giving the 6mm-06 a ballistic advantage over the non-magnum .243 offerings from Winchester and Remington, particularly at longer ranges.

[8][9] Due to the wide availability of inexpensive parent cases, the 6mm-06 is also less expensive than similar rounds such as the 240 Weatherby Magnum and the 6mm-284.

(or 6.5mm/06) - necked down to accept a 6.5 mm bullet - The 6.5-06 offers ballistic performance between the commercialized 25-06 Remington and 270 Winchester with distinct advantages over both in particular long-range applications through a wide selection of bullets with high ballistic coefficients producing better extended range performance.

[13] The 256 Newton suffered from a lack of slower burning powders capable of taking advantage of the large case capacity.

A-Square went bankrupt in 2012 and no major manufacturer makes loaded ammunition or brass cases for the 6.5-06 in March 2018.

[21] - necked up to accept a .35 bullet - Now standardized and marketed as the 35 Whelen, this cartridge was intended to create a cartridge suitable for bigger and potentially dangerous game, specifically African game, on standard length actions with relatively inexpensive components (i.e. 30-06 brass cases).

Griffin & Howe chambered rifles for this cartridge, but headspace difficulties were reported with the small shoulder.

[23] – Shortened to an overall case length of 1.70 in (43 mm), with the bottleneck expanded to a straight wall to accept a .41 caliber bullet.

For many of the wildcats listed above, and several of standardized commercial chamberings based on the 30-06 cartridge, there are "Ackley Improved" versions with sharper shoulders increasing case capacity.