The .380 Long is a straight rimmed cartridge originally designed for use in rook rifles for target shooting and hunting game up to the size of smaller deer.

[2] In addition to British munitions makers, the .380 Long was also made by DWM in Germany and a number of cheap European pistols were chambered in it.

[2] As with other rook rifle cartridges, the .380 Long was superseded as a small game hunting and target cartridge by the .22 Long Rifle.

[3] As a pistol cartridge, the .380 Long gradually lost favour to more modern rounds such as the .38 S&W.

[2] This ammunition-related article is a stub.