The Zimbabwean Parliament comprises the elected National Assembly, the Senate and the President of Zimbabwe.

On 3 October 2023, a letter was sent to the Speaker of Parliament by Sengezo Tshabangu, who claimed to be the interim Secretary General of the Citizens Coalition for Change (CCC), stating that fifteen members (nine constituency MPs, five Women's Quota and one Youth Quota) of the National Assembly from the Citizens Coalition for Change (CCC) had ceased to be party members and therefore lost their membership of the National Assembly.

[2] The Speaker subsequently acted on Tshabangu's letter and declared the seats of the supposedly-recalled MPs vacant on 10 October 2023 and notified the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission in line with the Constitution to prepare by-elections for the relevant constituencies.

On the same day, the High Court ruled that any further recalls could not be acted upon by Parliament until legal challenges had completed.

[5] 210 members of the National Assembly are elected by secret ballot from the 210 constituencies into which Zimbabwe is divided.

[14] The President subsequently acted on Tshabangu's letter and declared the seats of the supposedly-recalled Senators vacant on 10 October 2023.

On the same day, the High Court ruled that any further recalls could not be acted upon by Parliament until legal challenges had completed.

[20][21] Chapter 6, Part 3, §120(d) of the Constitution of Zimbabwe reserves two seats in the Senate for representatives of persons with disabilities.