The division took part in the invasion of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, eventually being destroyed in the Battle of Stalingrad.

Reformed, the 14th Panzer Division soon returned to the Eastern Front and eventually surrendered to Soviet forces in Courland in May 1945.

In early 1942, the division took part in the German summer offensives as Army Group South advanced through the Kharkov and Don regions.

In August, after being refitted, it was transferred to Army Group North to the Courland area (now Latvia and Lithuania).

Much of Army Group North - including the 14th Panzer Division - was bypassed and became trapped in the Courland Pocket, and remained there until Germany's surrender in May 1945.