After the Revolution of 1905, Voronov's father became unemployed due to his Russian Social Democratic Labour Party sympathies.

[6][7] Voronov dropped out of a private school in 1914 due to financial problems and in 1915 got a job working as a secretary for an attorney.

In fall 1923 he attended the school of higher artillery commanders and after graduation continued to serve with the 27th Rifle Division.

[13] He was promoted to Komkor and replaced Komdiv N.M. Rogowski as the chief of the artillery of the Red Army, who was later shot during the Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization, on 20 June 1937.

[2] At the end of July 1938 Voronov went as part of a special commission of the People's Commissariat of Defence to test the combat training of the Far Eastern Military District during the Battle of Lake Khasan.

[9] In September 1939, Voronov commanded the Belorussian Military District's artillery during the Soviet invasion of Poland.

He was severely injured in a car accident and said his life was saved by a silver pen given to him by Dolores Ibárruri in Spain.

[9] Voronov led the Kiev Special Military District's artillery during the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina.

After returning to Moscow, Voronov, together with Leonid Govorov, developed detailed instructions on antitank tactics, which was soon sent to the troops as a Stavka directive.

[30] As part of the State Defense Committee, Voronov went to Leningrad to organized antitank defence and the artillery.

In late October, Voronov was sent back to Leningrad to organized the front's artillery during the Sinyavino Offensive in the area of the Nevsky Pyatachok.

[31] Voronov organized artillery production and the defence of the Road of Life until his return to Moscow on 5 December.

In his report to Stalin of 28 February, Voronov raised the question of military air defence, which since November 1941 had remained without leadership.

In early June, Voronov took part in the planning and conducting of operations on the left flank of the Western Front.

[36] During the Moscow Conference, Shaposhnikov, Voroshilov and Voronov represented the Soviet Union during talks with the British military delegation.

[38] After the approval of the plan for Operation Uranus, Voronov worked with the chiefs of artillery of the fronts and supervised the training of units to conduct the offensive.

On 19 December, he was sent to the Don Front to aid in the planning and implementation of operations for the elimination of the surrounded German troops in Stalingrad.

[44][3][39] On 31 January, Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus surrendered to Soviet troops and Voronov personally interrogated him.

[12] In 1950, he was released from his position and became the president of the Academy of Artillery Sciences, responsible for developing strategic nuclear weapons.

[3] In October 1958, transferred to the Group of Inspectors General of the Ministry of Defence due to health issues,[53] where he was until his death.