On the morning of 7 December 1941, the soldiers of the 16th Coast Artillery manned their anti-aircraft guns, bringing down six of the attacking Japanese aircraft.

Battery Granger Adams was a typical pre-World War II coast defense emplacement, with the magazine in a protected bunker and the guns behind parapets in open mounts.

[2][3] In 1918, President Woodrow Wilson designated 322 acres (1.30 km2) of land on Mokapu Peninsula, naming it Kuwaahoe Military Reservation.

In 1939, the Navy constructed a small seaplane base there, designated as Naval Air Station Kaneohe Bay.

[2] Constituted 27 February 1924 in the Regular Army as 16th Coast Artillery (Harbor Defense) (HD), and organized 1 July 1924 at Fort Armstrong from the following companies- 104th, 90th, 99th, 105th, 111th, 159th, and 186th.

[4][5] A Gold color metal and enamel device 1+3⁄16 inches (3.0 cm) in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned: Or two spears in saltire Gules, within a bordure embattled barry of eight Argent, of the second and Azure, repeated.

[citation needed] The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the Coast Defense of Honolulu on 25 July 1922.

[citation needed] Or two spears in saltire Gules, within a bordure embattled barry of eight Argent, of the second and Azure, repeated.