The Serie B 1937–38 was the ninth tournament of this competition played in Italy since its creation.
Sanremese, Vigevano, Padova, Anconitana and Taranto had been promoted from Serie C, while Novara and Alessandria had been relegated from Serie A.
The league was expanded to seventeen clubs to allow a wider representation of Southern Italy.
The match Modena-Novara was not played because it wouldn't have influenced the verdict.
Modena and Novara were both awarded champions and promoted to Serie A.