1968 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

[1][3] On June 18 in the evening, a disturbance was moving westwards across the Arakan coast which caused a low-pressure area to form in the Bay of Bengal.

[1] On July 8, an area of low pressure formed over the Bihar Plateau and adjoining Gangetic West Bengal, which intensified to a deep depression on the next day at 08:30 IST (03:00 UTC), 30 km (20 mi) to the southeast of Sriniketan.

[1] The deep depression caused heavy rainfall in Northeast India, with Calcutta recording over 18 cm (7.1 in) of rain on July 9, being regarded as the highest in fifty years.

No ships were in the vicinity of the system to identify the exact position of the storm at this time; however, ESSA-6 satellite imagery showed that a cyclonic circulation was present.

It rapidly weakened to a depression while moving inland, degenerating to an area of low pressure over northwest Madhya Pradesh before being last noted on August 4.

On the next day the tropical wave gradually organized and became a low-pressure area northeast of the Bay of Bengal and later concentrated into a depression on August 3.

The system later moved inland, though by August 8, at 08:30 IST (03:00 UTC), it weakened and merged into a seasonal low over West Pakistan, about 30 km (19 mi) northeast from Naliya.

As it moved towards Gujarat, widespread rainfall was reported in the state, north of Central Maharashtra and adjoining parts of Madhya Pradesh.

Because of this, severe flooding occurred in parts of north Orissa, West Bengal and Gujarat, causing inundation of many areas, disruption of road and rail communications and damage to standing crops.

The system moved inland over West Bengal, with its center reported to be 20 km (12 mi) south of Burdwan in the morning of August 12.

It continued moving inland and persisted over north Madhya Pradesh until August 18, when it weakened and merged into a seasonal trough.

[1] On August 18, a tropical wave was noted over the Arakan – Tenasserim coast as seen by unusual droppings of atmospheric pressure over the region.

As it rapidly moved northwestwards, its center was located near the West Bengal coast by 08:30 IST (03:00 UTC), before later making landfall over Sagar Island later that day.

[1] Under the influence of this system, widespread rainfall was reported in Orissa, Bihar, northeast India, Assam and the sub-Himalayan region of West Bengal.

On September 11, at 17:30 IST (12:00 UTC), Sandheads, which was located 129 km (80 mi) north of the center of the storm, recorded a pressure of 993.7 mb (29.34 inHg) and east-southeast winds of 25 kn (45 km/h; 30 mph).

As it moved inland, it weakened into a deep depression at 08:30 IST (03:00 UTC) as it was centered 80 km (50 mi) east-southeast from Titlagarh.

On November 5, at 08:30 IST (03:00 UTC) the storm's center was close to the Madras – Andhra coast, approximately 30 km (19 mi) southeast from Nellore.

The storm made landfall over south Andhra coast near Nellore during noon, weakening rapidly as it travelled over land.

Since it weakened rapidly, it was not able to be tracked on the surface chart, however it was later found that continued as a cyclonic circulation over central India, located near Mysore State on the morning of November 6.

Continuing in the same direction, the system had developed a well-developed eye with tight convection bands in all sectors, as per ESSA-6 satellite imagery.

Based on the satellite data, the maximum speed was 75 kn (139 km/h; 86 mph), and with the help of Fletcher's formula the minimum pressure was 990 mb (29.23 inHg).

On November 12, at 11:00 IST (05:30 UTC), the system's eye disappeared in the ESSA-6 satellite imagery as convective bands surrounding the center weakened.

[1] The system caused heavy rainfall over the coastal districts of Orissa along with adjoining areas of Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and southern Assam.

According to media reports, heavy rainfall and gale-force winds affected the coastal districts of Ganjam and Puri, worsening the situation in the areas which were previously impacted by the cyclone which hit last month.

According to satellite reports, the system maintained a maximum wind speed of 60 kn (110 km/h; 70 mph), and using Fletcher's formula, its minimum pressure was estimated at 996 mb (29.41 inHg).