The 1977-1978 FIRA Trophy was the 18th edition of a European rugby union championship for national teams.

The tournament was won by France, with a Grand Slam.

Romania finished in 2nd place, while Spain had a surprising 3rd place, defeating Italy (10-3), in Madrid, to repeat the same place of the previous tournament.

Italy had a very disappointing performance, finishing in 5th place, below Poland, who also beat them (12-6).

Czechoslovakia relegated to division 2 Soviet Union promoted to division 1