B Battery claims to have been formed before 1780 as 1st Company, Light Infantry, 2nd Regiment, 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, New Hampshire Militia.

The regiment's coat of arms honors several of its units for their service in the 2nd New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry during the American Civil War.

A Gold color metal and enamel device 1+1⁄8 inches (2.9 cm) in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned: Azure, in base a lion passant guardant Or, and in fess a lozenge and a fleur-de-lis Argent; on a chief Gules fimbriated of the second a winged projectile, wings inverted, of the last.

The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 197th Coast Artillery Regiment, New Hampshire National Guard on 16 April 1927.

It was redesignated for the 197th Field Artillery Regiment, New Hampshire Army National Guard on 9 August 1972.