The 1982–83 Yugoslav Second League season was the 37th season of the Second Federal League (Croatian: Druga savezna liga, Serbian: Друга савезна лига, Slovenian: Druga zvezna liga, Macedonian: Втора сојузна лига, Albanian: Liga e Dytë te Jugosllavisë), the second level association football competition of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946.
A total of eighteen teams contested the league, including thirteen sides from the 1981–82 season, one club relegated from the 1981–82 Yugoslav First League and four sides promoted from the Inter-Republic Leagues played in the 1981–82 season.
The four clubs promoted to the second level were Maribor, Novi Sad, Radnik Bijeljina and Varteks.
A total of eighteen teams contested the league, including thirteen sides from the 1981–82 season, one club relegated from the 1981–82 Yugoslav First League and four sides promoted from the Inter-Republic Leagues played in the 1981–82 season.
The four clubs promoted to the second level were Lovćen, Pelister, Radnički Pirot and Vlaznimi Đakovica.