The 1983–84 Yugoslav Second League season was the 38th season of the Second Federal League (Serbo-Croatian: Druga savezna liga), the second level association football competition of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946.
A total of eighteen teams contested the league, including fourteen sides from the 1982–83 season and four sides promoted from the Inter-Republic Leagues played in the 1982–83 season.
There were no teams relegated from the 1982–83 Yugoslav First League and four clubs promoted to the second level were Sloga Doboj, Slovan Ljubljana, Šibenik and Vrbas.
A total of eighteen teams contested the league, including twelve sides from the 1982–83 season, two clubs relegated from the 1982–83 Yugoslav First League and four sides promoted from the Inter-Republic Leagues played in the 1982–83 season.
The four clubs promoted to the second level were Belasica Strumica, GIK Ramiz Sadiku, Ivangrad and Kolubara Lazarevac.