Conservative Elections to Wiltshire Council, a new unitary authority, were held on 4 June 2009.

Wiltshire's "two tier" system of local government until 2009 was typical of English shire counties, with the county, excluding the pre-existing unitary authority of Swindon, being sub-divided into four local government districts.

However, the Department for Communities and Local Government announced on 25 July 2007 that with effect from 1 April 2009 Wiltshire was to be served by a new unitary authority, replacing Wiltshire County Council and the four district councils within its area, with Swindon continuing as a separate unitary authority.

After the 2009 local elections the council consisted of 62 Conservatives, 24 Liberal Democrats, seven independent councillors, three Devizes Guardians, and two Labour.

In September 2009 and December 2010, an Independent joining UKIP while remaining in the Independent group,[2] a defection in May 2012 by a Liberal Democrat councillor to the Conservatives,[3] and in November 2012 by another Lib Dem and a Conservative to the Independents,[4] by the beginning of 2013 Wiltshire Council consisted of 61 Conservatives, 22 Liberal Democrats, ten Independents including one UKIP member, three Devizes Guardians, and two Labour members.