The smog resulted in the overwhelming of the Pakistani healthcare system due to respiratory disease and throat and eye irritations, leading to widespread school closures and restrictions on public activities particularly in Pakistan's Punjab region.

In Pakistan, severe and hazardous air pollution emerges annually during winter months due to multiple contributing factors, including agricultural waste burning, emissions from coal-powered facilities, vehicular traffic, and seasonal weather patterns.

[1] Historian Ammar Ali Jan stated that rapid urbanization with insufficient environmental regulation significantly contributed to the prior intensification of pollution during Winter months.

[2] NASA satellite imaging showed a continuous cloud of smog that extended across the majority of eastern and northern Pakistan, as well as northwestern India.

The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency reported unprecedented increases in cases of lung diseases, allergies, and eye and throat irritations in multiple districts including Faisalabad, Multan, and Gujranwala.

[1] Chief Minister of Punjab Maryam Nawaz, proposed "smog diplomacy" between India and Pakistan, stating that "air doesn't recognize borders.