[92] Shortly after the onset of the Gaza war in October 2023, Hezbollah joined the conflict, citing solidarity with Palestinians,[93] which quickly escalated into regular cross-border military exchanges impacting areas in or around northern Israel, southern Lebanon and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights of Syria.

[128] IDF spokesperson Daniel Hagari said in a video address, "We advise civilians from Lebanese villages located in and next to buildings and areas used by Hezbollah for military purposes, such as those used to store weapons, to immediately evacuate for their own safety".

[132][84] The strike took place while Hezbollah leaders were meeting at a headquarters located underground beneath residential buildings in Haret Hreik in the Dahieh suburb to the south of Beirut.

[134] The IDF said it had uncovered Hezbollah tunnels, weaponry, and invasion plans in villages near the border, including Ayta ash-Shaab, Mais al-Jabal and Kfar Kila.

[88][83] On 30 September, Israel informed the United States that it intended to carry out a ground maneuver in Lebanon aimed at clearing Hezbollah's militant infrastructure along the border.

[34] An Israeli strike on the house of Munir al-Maqdah, a brigadier general of Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades in Lebanon in Ein al-Hilweh refugee camp killed at least five people.

[36] Hezbollah claimed to have killed or injured all members of an Israeli infantry unit sheltering in a home outside Kafr Kila by detonating an explosive device in the house and targeting it using bullets and rocket-propelled grenades.

[221] Senior Hezbollah official Hashem Safieddine, who was expected to succeed Nasrallah as the group's secretary-general following his assassination, was reportedly targeted by an Israeli airstrike in Beirut.

[224] On 4 October, an international dispute occurred as the IDF ordered an Irish UNIFIL peacekeeping unit deployed in southern Lebanon to abandon their border outpost.

On 5 October 2024, Hezbollah claimed to have hit an Israeli Merkava tank as it was advancing in the Maroun al-Ras forest area using a guided anti-armor missile, resulting in casualties.

[247] Hamas confirmed the death of Saeed Atallah Ali, one of its military officials, along with his wife and two young daughters in an Israeli drone strike in Beddawi refugee camp.

In the evening, a joint statement of condemnation was released by France, Italy and Spain, while US President Joe Biden asked Israel not to attack UNIFIL forces.

Two hours later, the IDF fired rounds into the camp that caused smoke to rise, injuring 15 UNIFIL peacekeepers due to skin irritations and gastrointestinal reactions.

"'[293] Reuters connected an IDF statement that it had '"dismantled" a tunnel network used by Hezbollah's elite Redwan Force in the heart of a town near the border with Israel' to the destruction of the village.

[295] A German warship operating as a part of UNIFIL shot down a drone of unknown origin in the Mediterranean Sea about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of the Lebanese port of Naqoura.

[349] The attack was heavily condemned by France, which called for an immediate cessation of hostilities and the complete implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1701 to enable displaced people in Israel and Lebanon to safely return home.

[51] The IDF struck a building in the vicinity of Beirut International Airport, and footage shared by Lebanese media showed a passenger plane being taxied on the runway near the strike.

[375] Despite the ceasefire being in effect, Israel continued its offensive, with at least 18 strikes as of the evening of 28 November,[376] in one case citing the presence of "several suspects" in vehicles arriving in southern Lebanon.

[386] A group of Israeli settlers of the far-right Uri Tzafon Movement attempted to cross the Blue Line and establish a settlement in the Lebanese village of Maroun al-Ras but were dispersed by the IDF, as the area was a closed military zone.

[396] According to a CNN analysis of verified Lebanese Health Ministry data, between 23 September and 23 October, Israeli airstrikes damaged 34 hospitals, hit 107 ambulances, and killed 111 emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in Lebanon.

[397] The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that it would be unable to "deliver a large shipment of trauma and medical supplies" originally scheduled for October 4 to Lebanon due to the almost complete closure of Beirut's airport.

The crowded shelters and public schools used to house the displaced population combined with the strained healthcare system have prompted fears of communicable disease outbreaks.

[412] Reporters without Borders called for an independent investigation into a "possible war crime" in response to an Israeli airstrike that hit a guesthouse in the town of Hasbaya killing and injuring several journalists.

[8] The LAF withdrew some personnel from observation posts along the blue line, however, despite this, they have given no intention of withdrawing from territory south of the Litani River and have stated they will "respond to Israeli fire on its positions.

[454] Writing for The Guardian, Andrew Roth assessed that the invasion showed Israel's willingness to ignore its chief ally, the United States, and the latter's lack of influence over the Netanyahu government.

Aaron David Miller, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, stated that this was in part caused by the Democrats trying to avoid criticising Netanyahu before the U.S. presidential elections.

[35] On 5 October, the ISW reported that Hezbollah capabilities may have not been as degraded as previously thought, despite the extensive Israeli killing of its commanders and likely reduction in combat effectiveness of some of its forces.

The report stated that Hezbollah has kept the bulk of its forces in positions deeper inside Lebanon while only engaging in limited-contact attacks against the IDF at the frontlines, concluding that the group "retains effective command-and-control at least at the tactical level and possibly higher".

[461] Writing for the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Daniel Byman assessed that Israel had learnt lessons from the 2006 Lebanon War and had a number of intelligence successes prior to the invasion, such as the detonation of pagers used by Hezbollah.

[464] According to Karim Emilie Bitar, a professor of international relations at the Saint Joseph University of Beirut, IDF airstrikes outside of south Lebanon are meant to foster civil strife.