It was originally constituted and activated as the 23rd Weather Squadron (Regional Control Headquarters) in late 1943 during World War II, and spent most of its service at Kansas City, Missouri until disbanding in early September 1944.

It was activated on 1 November, part of the Army Air Forces Weather Service at San Antonio, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Diran Arakelian.

[1] Its personnel joined its replacement, the 72nd Army Air Forces Base Unit (23rd Weather Region).

Between 27 July and 9 August 2011 the squadron provided forecasting support for a United States Army conventional battalion-sized unit delivering humanitarian aid against insurgent resistance to isolated areas of Kunar and Nuristan Provinces during the War in Afghanistan.

Detachment 1, 23rd SOWS at Fort Campbell supports the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment.