3-Alkylpyridinium

Variation in content of 3-APs has been detected even within a single sponge species collected from different geographical area.

[3] 3-Alkylpyridinium monomers and compounds are considered to have cytolytic activity but at present there are no such reports found that support this mechanism.

In addition the compounds of alkylpyridines are found to be structurally similar to the cationic surfactants indicating that they might be cytolytically quite active in future.

Some of the cyclic alkylpyridinium compounds such as Cyclostellerramines and dehydrocyclostellettamines are reported to inhibit muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and histone deacetylase enzymes.

Therefore, these natural compounds have a great future to provide environmental friendly ingredient in the new generation of antifouling coatings.