It operates S-300PS and S-300PT Missile defense systems and is subordinated to the Air Command East.

In September 2010, during the military exercise "Interaction-2010" at Chauda, one of the divisions of the 301st Regiment destroyed all targets and received an "excellent" rating.

[2] In 2021, the regiment was deployed to Donetsk Oblast to take part in the War in Donbass.

[3] On February 24, 2022, at the Start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, at 5 A.M. the regiment's positions in Donetsk Oblast were airstriked by Russian warplanes followed by a second aerial assault at 9 A.M, the airstrikes led to the death of a soldier of the regiment (Oleg Yaskovets).

[5] On 3 March 2023, the regiment shot down a Su-34 about 20 km from the front line near Yenakievo.