These, in addition to being outraged by the outcome of the Ultimatum and seeing it as a justification for overthrowing the monarchy, were inspired by the proclamation of a Republic in the former Portuguese colony of Brazil, on 15 November 1889.

[2][3] The revolt began in the early hours of 31 January, when a battalion of soldiers, led by sergeants, headed towards Campo de Santo Ovídio (today Praça da República) in Porto, where they met up with the 10th and 18th infantry regiments.

Accompanied by regimental bands, the rebels walked to the Praça de D. Pedro, (today Praça da Liberdade) where, in front of the then Porto City Council building, they heard Alves da Veiga, accompanied by other leading members of the movement, proclaim the establishment of the Republic from the balcony of the building.

Verdial then read out a list of names that would make up the provisional government of the new Republic and a red and green flag was raised.

Around three hundred civilians and soldiers barricaded themselves in the City Hall, but the municipal guard, helped by army artillery and cavalry and by the 18th Infantry Regiment, which the rebels had tried to persuade to take part in the revolt, forced them to surrender at 10.00 on the same morning.

[1][2] Some of those involved managed to flee abroad: Alves da Veiga evaded capture and went to live in Paris; Sampaio Bruno and a lawyer, António Claro, reached Spain, as did one of the military leaders, Ensign Augusto Malheiro, who emigrated from there to Brazil.

A final coup, known as the 5 October 1910 revolution, after the Lisbon regicide of King Carlos on 1 February 1908, was successful, leading to the establishment of a Republic in Portugal.