The 37th Guards Rechitsa, twice Red Banner, Orders of Suvorov, Kutuzov, and Bogdan Khmelnitsky Rifle Division (Russian: 37-я гвардейская стрелковая Речицкая дважды Краснознамённая орденов Суворова, Кутузова и Богдана Хмельницкого дивизия) was an infantry division of the Red Army which fought during World War II.

[5] The division's successor, with an unbroken lineage, is the 37th Weapons and Equipment Storage Base of the North Western Operational Command at Polotsk.

[6] The 37th Guards Rifle Division was formed on the basis of the personnel of the 1st Airborne Corps[7] at Lyubertsy on 2 August 1942.

On the night of 14 August, the division was unloaded from trains at Ilovlya station, with the task to take defensive positions in a small bend in the Don near the village and hamlets of Trehostrovskoy and Zimoveysky, but did not have time to gain a bridgehead.

Instead, the division went directly to the right bank of the river and defended that area, disrupting German attempts to cross the Don.

The division handed over the defense of the area to the 22nd Motorized Rifle Brigade and crossed the Volga River 40 km north of Stalingrad on 28 September.

[2] 8-00: The Germans opened artillery fire, bombed our leading troops 9-00: At the walls of the Stalingrad Tractor Factory (STZ) burn 10 enemy tanks 10-00: 109th Guards crushed by tanks and infantry 10-00: Communication with the 114th Guards Regiment interrupted 11–15: The enemy seized the stadium STZ.

15–25: Security Headquarters of the 62nd Army clashed with broken-through enemy gunners 16–30: About 100 tanks penetrated into the territory of STZ over the positions of the 118th Guards 16–35: A radio message from the 114th Regiment commander asks for artillery fire on his own positions 21-00: A group of guardsmen of the 37th continue to fight in the shops of the plant, radioing: "Do not give up.

On the night of 2 October, the division crossed back to the right bank of the Volga in Stalingrad and reached the Mokraya Mechyotka river, immediately going into combat.

On the line of Chernevka, Gladkoye and Koshkino, the 137th, reinforced by the SS tanks, attempted to hold back the advance.

[16] Machine gun company private Ivan Mokrousov also distinguished himself and was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

118th Guards Rifle Regiment company commander Lieutenant Vladimir Vladimirov distinguished himself during the Dnieper crossing, for which he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously.

[18] 109th Guards Rifle Regiment company commander Senior Lieutenant Nikolay Shchetinin also distinguished himself and was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 15 January 1944.

[2] During Operation Bagration in the summer,[21] the division broke through German defenses at Babruysk and helped capture Osipovichi on 28 June.

On the night of 18 February, the division attacked again but was forced to retreat due to strong German resistance.

During the fight, division commander Sobir Rakhimov was killed on 26 March by a direct hit on his observation post.

During the Oder crossing, 118th Guards Rifle Regiment deputy battalion commander Captain Alexey Nemkov distinguished himself and was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin on 29 June.

[26] A company commander from the same regiment, Senior lieutenant Alexander Nikolayev, was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin on the same day as Nemkov for distinguishing himself during the Oder crossing.

On 4 June, the division was awarded the Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky 2nd class for its actions during the Berlin offensive.

Between September and November 1964, the division conducted trials on Objet 432 initial production models of the T-64 tank.

The division participated in the Zapad-81 exercise, and was involved in trials of the new T-72 tank and the Manevr, the first Soviet automated command and control system.