The battalion's mission is "3-319th AFAR stands ready to deploy worldwide within 18 hours of notification, execute a parachute assault and conduct full-spectrum operations.

In World War II, the battalion participated in campaigns in North Africa, Chuinzi Pass, Italy, and the Battle of the Bulge.

[3] The 3-319 AFAR, commanded by LTC (later MG) Lee E. Surut,[4] deployed to South Vietnam in support of the 173rd Airborne Brigade at Bien Hoa Base Camp in May 1965.

On 13 April, Battery B was attached to 1/503rd and occupied a fire base at Position Blue to the northwest of Sông Bé to support search and attack operations.

On 14 April, the battalion fires landing zone preparations on LZs Jade, Opal and Diamond, in support of two battalion-sized airmobile operations by 1/503 and 1RAR.

Over the course of Operation Denver, the battalion (including the four guns of 161st Battery, Royal New Zealand Artillery in support of 1 RAR) fired 5,103 rounds in 614 missions.

From 10 August 1966 – 7 September 1966, 3/319th AFAR supported 173rd's Operation Toledo in the May Tao Secret Zone and Cẩm Mỹ areas of Phước Tuy Province.

On 9 October, the brigade terminated Operation Sioux City and the battalion returned to Bien Hoa by road convoy.

[11] From 8 October – 3 December 1966, Battery B, 3/319th AFAR deployed 82 personnel and six M102 105 mm howitzers with Task Force 4/503rd to the Da Nang and Tinh Qang area to conduct Operation Winchester.

"[12] From 22 February to 15 March 1967, 3/319 participated in Operation Junction City, including the only conventional parachute assault conducted by the US Army in Vietnam.

Operation Junction City was aimed at the destruction of the Central Office of South Vietnam (the Viet Cong political headquarters) and the PAVN 9th Division in the "War Zone C" area of Tây Ninh Province.

That morning, the bulk of 3/319's vehicles departed Bien Hoa at 06:55 and conducted a road movement to FSB "D" at Min Thanh Airfield, arriving at 15:00.

On 13 April, the battalion returned to Bien Hoa, and the brigade terminated its participation in Operation Junction City and was released from the OPCON of the 1st Infantry Division.

The brigade twice noted that units must be prepared to accept casualties from friendly artillery in order to bring effective fires onto enemy positions.

The brigade also noted the effectiveness of artillery fires in close support of units in contact, despite "time consuming" safety requirements.

[15] From August through early October 1967, the 4th Infantry Division, conducting Operation Macarthur, noticed a change in PAVN tactics in Pleiku Province, followed by large and unusual movements in the tri-border (Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam) area and increased activity in Kontum Province in late October.

Over the next month, the battalion conducted five battery moves, occupying FSBs 12, 15, 16, and 13 to support the brigade's search and attack operations south and west of Dak To.

[16] From February to April 1969, the 173rd Airborne Brigade conducted nine battalion operations in Bình Định, Phú Yên and Phu Bon Provinces.

On 21 and 28 February, the battalion emplaced "Red Raider" observation posts to identify anti-aircraft firing positions around LZ English.

On 19 March, a platoon from Battery B conducted a five-hour raid, firing 662 rounds into the An Lao Valley, attacking hooch complexes and possible base camps, resulting in one secondary explosion.

On 23 March, Battery B conducted another platoon raid to FSB Lisa, firing 1113 rounds supporting observation aircraft and brigade Ranger teams.

From 1 to 7 April, a platoon from Battery B supported six Ranger teams from FSB Projo, secured by 3/C/2/503 PIR, firing 1460 rounds.

The battalion noted that the use of two collimators was an effective replacement for the use of aiming posts when occupying constricted platoon sized positions, that low-level illumination was an effective incendiary against enemy crops, and that aerial photos or overflights assisted in the defense of fire support bases, especially when no infantry security forces were provided.

[20] In March 1988, elements of 3–319 deployed to the Republic of Honduras for Operation Golden Pheasant as a symbol of US resolve to support our allies in the face of aggression.

[21] In Operation Just Cause, A Battery, 3–319th AFAR conducted a parachute drop of its howitzers, assisting in defeating the Panamanian Defense Forces.

[23] After returning from their OEF III rotation to Afghanistan, fire support elements of 3–319 deployed to Iraq with 1st Brigade from January to April 2004.

While the three firing batteries and an attached radar detachment (234 Field Artillery Detachment) provided fires through southern and eastern Afghanistan, the battalion also formed the headquarters of Task Force Gun Devil, controlling infantry companies A/1-325, D/2-504 and B/1-508, 74th LRS, provisional maneuver elements formed from HSB/3-319 and U.S. Army military police as well as Romanian infantry.

[28][29] While there, the battalion conducted combined airborne operations as well as indirect live fire training with Iraqi forces.

Under the command of LTC David Pierce, the battalion served a traditional field artillery mission, not as a provisional maneuver unit, and focused on the counterfire fight.

The battalion was awarded a Presidential Unit Citation for its participation in the evacuation of Hamid Karzai International Airport in August 2021.