The Battalion consist of the following units: Constituted 7 December 1917 in the National Army as the 46th Engineers Organized March–April 1918 at Camp Sheridan, Alabama Converted and redesignated 18 September 1918 as the 46th Regiment, Transportation Corps Regiment broken up 12 November 1918 and its elements reorganized and redesignated as follows: 29th Company, Transportation Corps, demobilized 13 July 1919 at Camp Devens, Massachusetts; 30th and 31st Companies, Transportation Corps, demobilized 2 July and 11 July 1919, respectively, at Camp Gordon, Georgia Regiment reconstituted 1 October 1933 in the Regular Army as the 46th Engineers Activated 14 July 1941 at Camp Bowie, Texas Redesignated 18 March 1943 as the 46th Engineer General Service Regiment Reorganized and redesignated 22 April 1944 as the 46th Engineer Construction Battalion Reorganized and redesignated 15 June 1947 as Headquarters and Headquarters and Service Company, 46th Engineer Construction Battalion (organic elements concurrently absorbed) Inactivated 15 March 1950 in Japan Redesignated 22 September 1950 as the 46th Engineer Construction Battalion and activated at Fort Sill, Oklahoma (organic elements concurrently reconstituted and activated) Reorganized and redesignated 23 November 1953 as the 46th Engineer Battalion Battalion departs the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) in 1971 and is assigned to Fort Rucker, Alabama under the 18th Engineer Brigade.
The battalion deploys to the Republic of Honduras in the fall of 1983 to construct base camp facilities and airfields as part of Operation Ahuas Tara II before returning to Fort Rucker in the spring of 1984.
In late 1993, segments of the battalion deployed to Colombia, South America to participate in the construction of several community and infrastructure projects.
In mid-1994, the battalion is relocated to Fort Polk, Louisiana due to the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) and to support the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC).
Elements of the battalion participated in the Battle of Ramadi (2006) establishing combat outposts (COPs) and patrol bases throughout the city.