The regiment was later assigned to the VIII Corps as part of the 3rd Brigade, Second Division, and sent to Romney, West Virginia.

The 54th Pennsylvania fought near the center of the Union line and managed to retreat in good order.

At the Battle of Piedmont, Private Thomas Evans of Company D seized the colors of the 45th Virginia Infantry, for which he would receive the Medal of Honor.

On 18, June 1864 in action at Lynchburg, Virginia Private John William Mostoller voluntarily led a charge on a Confederate battery (the officers of his company being disabled) and compelled its hasty removal for which he would later be awarded a Medal of Honor.

[2] After Hunter's withdrawal into West Virginia, Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan was appointed commander of the Union forces (now called the Army of the Shenandoah) in the Valley.

The regiment also had 3 Medal of Honor awardees: In 1992, a group of civil war enthusiasts started the 54th PVI Co. A, to portray the soldiers and civilians from their hometown of Johnstown, PA.

The regiment was also instrumental in helping fund a Civil War memorial statue in Johnstown.

The regiment is highlighted during the Battle of New Market scenes in Sean McNamara's 2014 film Field of Lost Shoes.