Because of its fragmented formation it lacked the regional identity which was found in many early war German divisions.

The division played a defensive role in the Battle for France, holding positions opposite Strasbourg.

[3]: Map 8  Starting on 14 June 1940, parts of 7th Army started to move into position to breach the southeastern length of the Maginot Line,[3]: Map 47  but the 555th Division initially remained in place, opposite the heavily fortified French fortress divisions around Strasbourg.

[3]: Map 51 After the German victory in the Battle of France, the 555th Infantry Division's defensive assignment was no longer needed.

[2] The division's only commander during its seven-month lifespan was Waldemar Henrici, who served in this role from February to August.