It was garrisoned in the city of Stanisławów, and the regiment was named after the Battle of Kaniow.

The regiment was formed in 1917, as part of Polish II Corps in Russia, to be dissolved after the battle of Kaniow (May 12, 1918).

Its traditions were based on the 6th Duchy of Warsaw Uhlan Regiment and 6th Children of Warsaw Uhlan Regiment, both of which fought in the November Uprising.

In the Polish-Soviet War, the regiment fought in several battles in southeastern Poland, at Michnowo, Zasławiec, Nowo Konstantynów, Kumanowice and Lysa Gora.

In the 1939 Invasion of Poland, the regiment was part of Podolska Cavalry Brigade, fighting mostly in central Poland (Uniejów, Sieraków, Jankow, Wolka Weglowa), and in the Siege of Warsaw (1939).