[1] According to Theophanes' narrative, a sign appeared in the north at the time of the earthquake, and dust fell in various places.
[1] According to a 1982 seismic catalogue by Ambraseys and Melville, this earthquake occurred to the east of Ray, Iran, in the valley of Tang-e Sar-e Darreh.
The passes linked the Mediterranean Sea regions to the Iranian plateau and Central Asia.
An Armenian translation of Pseudo-Callisthenes' Alexander Romance instead identifies the Caspian Gates with the territory of Talis.
[1] In the 19th century, Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff and Robert Mallet theorized that the Caspian Gates should be identified with the pass of Dariel, which was located near the Black Sea.