The regiment was created in response to Battle of Fort Sumter and President Abraham Lincoln's call for 75,000 volunteers to serve for 3 months (the longest time allowed by the Constitution without Congressional approval).

Throughout their training the men lived in the state fair's stables, which provided considerable comfort and relief from the elements.

During their service part of the regiment wore gray zouave uniforms with orange piping.

[2] Departing Camp Yates in May 1861, they went on duty at Alton, Cairo, and Mound City, Illinois, and then at St. Louis, Missouri, until July, 1861.

The three-month 7th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment was organized at Camp Yates, IL and served in the Department of the Missouri.