He is known for his work on virtual organization, a concept he introduced in the 1970s on information commodities, on the social implications of computing and on the complexity of graphs and networks.
In recent years he has (together with colleague Professor Akira Kawaguchi) developed and applied a quantitative measure of the bias of search engines on the World Wide Web.
This analogy led eventually to the formal definition presented in a paper that appeared in 1994 and elaborated in his book on virtual organization published in 2002.
During the year 1979-1980, he was stimulated to develop and codify the idea of virtual organization through discussions with Henk van Dongen and his colleagues at the Graduate School of Management in Delft, The Netherlands.
While at the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands in the 1990s, he worked on the design and development of a network to support information sharing on drug related issues among member states of the European Union.