Abd al-Karim Sabun

[3] Sabun became ruler of a state that under Salih Derret controlled the area of the east-central Chad Basin south of the Sahara and north of the Bahr es Salamat, between Kanem in the west and the Sultanate of Darfur in the east.

[4] Sabun supplied his army with chain mail and firearms, dispatching them on looting expeditions against Bornu and Baguirmi.

[5] Around 1805 or 1806,[a] Sabun used the excuse that Abder Rahman Gaurang I of Baguirmi had sinfully married his own sister as a reason to attack.

[1] After further fighting, Ahmad was forced to submit to Sabun and to agree to pay annual tribute of a thousand slaves and a hundred horses.

[5] During his reign, Sabun gained control of a large part of the trade from the central Sudan to Tripoli via the Fezzan.

Sabun's younger brother, Muhammad al-Sharif, finally gained power in 1838 as a client of the Sultan of Darfur.