[1] This "Council of State" implemented the Moderating Power instituted by emperor Pedro I, when he dissolved the Constituent Assembly: formed by lifetime members, appointed by the monarch, no more than ten in number, their function to be heard "in all serious matters and general measures of public administration, especially concerning the declaration of war, the settlement of peace, negotiations with foreign nations, as well as on all occasions when the emperor proposed to exercise any of the prerrogatives of the Moderating Power".

[3] Evaristo da Veiga had written in the Aurora Fluminense: "If the will of the people is dominated by terror, our freedom will necessarily be reduced to a mere shadow".

Badaró, an Italian journalist based in Brazil, was murdered in an ambush, causing a deep impression on public opinion.

[3] The emperor travelled to Minas Gerais province with the aim of quelling liberal agitations led by Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcelos, but there he was met with apathy.

The people gathered in the Campo da Aclamação, chosen due to its proximity to opposition newspapers such as O Repúblico,[6] and demanded the return of the previous ministry.

In a last attempt to compose a new ministry, this time in accordance with popular desires, the emperor reached out to Nicolau Pereira de Campos Vergueiro, but could not find him.

[3] "Using the right that the Constitution grants me, I declare that I have voluntarily abdicated in favour of my very beloved and dear son, Mr. D. Pedro de Alcântara".

[3] Viriato Correia wrote that: "The chronicles of the time portray in an emotional way the moment when Pedro I, after his abdication, went to say goodbye to his son.

[3] While in Europe, Pedro took up arms against his brother Miguel, in order to ensure the succession to the Portuguese throne for his daughter Maria.