Actinopyga echinites

Actinopyga echinites, commonly known as the brownfish or deep water redfish,[1] is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae.

The skin is strengthened by the presence of spicules, microscopic spike-like structures, which in this species are shaped like large rods.

Its range extends from the Red Sea, the east coast of Africa and Madagascar, to Indonesia, northern Australia, the Philippines, New Guinea and other island groups in the western Pacific.

Because it is easy to collect it is over-exploited in many areas, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature estimates that populations have declined by 60 to 90% over at least 50% of its range.

It further estimates that the global population has declined by 40% and it has assessed the conservation status of this sea cucumber as vulnerable.