Adderley v. Florida, 385 U.S. 39 (1966), was a United States Supreme Court case regarding whether arrests for protesting in front of a jail were constitutional.

In 1966, a group of students from Florida A&M University demonstrated against racial segregation, and were subsequently arrested.

The day after, around 200 FAMU students gathered in front of the Leon County jail to protest their arrest.

Petitioners contend that their convictions, affirmed by the Florida Circuit Court and the District Court of Appeal, deprived them of their "rights of free speech, assembly, petition, due process of law and equal protection of the laws" under the Fourteenth Amendment.

The majority opinion, authored by Justice Black, argued that county jails were not public places and so it did not infringe on their right to assembly.