Adna Romanza Chaffee (April 14, 1842 – November 1, 1914) was a lieutenant general in the United States Army.

For the next thirty years he served in the Indian Wars, fighting the Central Plains and Southwestern tribes.

In the following years, he engaged the Native Americans many times, most notably at Red River, Texas, in 1874, and Big Dry Wash, Arizona Territory, in 1882, for which he was brevetted lieutenant colonel.

From late 1898 to May 1900, he served as the chief of staff to the military governor of Cuba, General Leonard Wood, being promoted to colonel of regulars in May 1899.

Chaffee arrived at Taku Bay, China aboard USAT Grant to take command on 29 July 1900.

As American commander Chaffee began public health, relief, and police operations in cooperation with Chinese officials.

According to Chaffee, "[I]t is safe to say that where one real Boxer has been killed, fifty harmless coolies or laborers, including not a few women and children, have been slain.

Reassigned to the Philippines he applied the lessons there, combining benevolence and public health measures with force and cooperation with local officials.

In December 1901, he assigned General Jacob H. Smith to deal with anti-American resistance in the province of Samar, resulting in an ill-fated campaign that led to the deaths of up to 2,000 Filipino civilians.

After his death, Chaffee was buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery on November 9, 1914, after a funeral service at St. John's Episcopal Church.