He wrote a landmark textbook on theoretical meteorology in 1885, Lehrbuch der Meteorologie, in which he sought connections to underlying physical processes and observed meteorological observations unlike earlier works that were largely descriptive.
In 1873 he joined Leipzig University and received a doctorate for a dissertation on fluid dynamics of salt solutions.
He collaborated with Wladimir Köppen and wrote a textbook on meteorology at the request of Georg von Neumayer.
In 1886 he joined the Royal Prussian Meteorological Institute in Berlin under Wilhelm von Bezold.
[2] Sprung also came up with a psychrometric formula that allows the computation of relative humidity from dry- and wet-bulb thermometer readings, originally for the one developed by Richard Assmann.