He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions, was selected by the Chicago Bears in the fifth round of the 2015 NFL draft.

Prior to the Senior Bowl and NFL combine, Amos was projected to be a fourth or fifth round pick and was ranked as the sixth best free safety prospect by NFLDraftScout.com.

[6] On January 24, 2015, Amos attended the Senior Bowl and recorded two solo tackles to help the North defeat the South 34–13.

On March 19, 2015, Amos opted to participate at Penn State's pro day, along with Mike Hull, Donovan Smith, Jesse James, Sam Ficken, Miles Dieffenbach, Deion Barnes, and three other teammates.

At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Amos was projected to be a second to fourth round pick by the majority of NFL draft experts and scouts.

[14] The Bears previously acquired the pick by trading wide receiver Brandon Marshall to the New York Jets.

[18] Head coach John Fox named Amos the starting free safety over Vereen after he had an impressive performance in the Bears' preseason-opener against the Green Bay Packers.

On November 22, 2015, Amos recorded seven solo tackles and made his first career sack on Denver Broncos quarterback Brock Osweiler during a 17–15 loss.

[21] Amos started all 16 games in his rookie season and made 67 combined tackles (57 solo), two pass deflections, and a sack.

[22][23] At the end of his rookie season, Amos was selected on Pro Football Writers All-Rookie Team along with defensive lineman Eddie Goldman.

[31] During the Bears' training camp, Amos competed with Chris Prosinski and rookie Eddie Jackson for his job as starting free safety.

[32] Amos became the starting strong safety, opposite Eddie Jackson, for Week 4 after Quintin Demps suffered a fractured forearm the previous game against the Pittsburgh Steelers and was placed on injured reserve.

[37] Amos finished the season with ten starts in thirteen games, recording 62 tackles, three passes defended, one interception, two forced fumbles (including a recovery), and a touchdown.

[39] On January 8, 2018, the Chicago Bears announced their decision to hire Kansas City Chiefs offensive coordinator Matt Nagy as their new head coach.

[41] In Week 6, Amos collected a season-high nine combined tackles and broke up a pass during a 31–28 loss at the Miami Dolphins.

[44] Amos started in all 16 games in 2018 and recorded 73 combined tackles (59 solo), nine passes defended, two interceptions, two sacks, and one fumble recovery.

[50] In Week 10 against the Jacksonville Jaguars, Amos recorded his first interception of the season off a pass thrown by Jake Luton during the 24–20 win.