After the revolution of 1830 he was made successively prefect of the departments of Loire and Isère, and in 1831 of Rhône.
He became minister of the interior in 1836, and gave his attention especially to prison reforms and the establishment of hospitals.
He published a large number of papers and several extended works on agricultural subjects, the principal of which is Cours d'agriculture (5 vols., Paris, 1843–49).
His father Thomas-Augustin de Gasparin was a military officer in the French Revolutionary army and a member of the Committee of Public Safety.
His son Agénor de Gasparin was a noted politician and author, who emigrated to Geneva.