[4] In 2004 Google's CFO George Reyes said that fraud is the biggest threat to internet economy[5] with the first research paper covering the topic in 1999[6] or earlier.
A study[9] conducted in 2023 found that the average rate of fraudulent activities in search engine advertisements is approximately 11.5%.
[10] In a 2017 report Juniper Research estimates ad fraud to be worth US$19 billion[11] equivalent to $51 million per day.
[12] HP Enterprise in its Business of Hacking report highlighted ad fraud as the easiest and the most lucrative form of Cybercrime.
[23] In 2016 there were four notable non-profit organizations focused on creating awareness and availability of resources for countering ad fraud: Botlab, JiCWEBS, Media Rating Council (MRC), and Trustworthy Accountability Group (TAG).