[1] Afghanistan and Mongolia were two of three countries (the other being North Korea) that shared borders with both the Soviet Union and People's Republic of China.

Official relations were established on February 1, 1962[2] with the Mongolian leader Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal visiting Kabul.

[1] Both countries were in the Soviet sphere of influence during the Sino-Soviet split.

[1] Mongolian soldiers came to Afghanistan as peacekeepers in NATO's International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mission in 2001.

[1] Diplomatic relations were strengthened in 2015 and 2018, including in intellectual and scholarly terms.