It consists of a series of bunkers and other housing structures around 10m deep underground, built in an apparent effort to provide dwelling as well as protection for warriors.

Archaeologists Randsborg and Merkyte initially argued that these souterrains played the sole function of providing military installations for the Dahomeyan army.

To back their theory, they recounted Fon oral history about the invasion of Dahomey by the Oyo empire which states that "the Dahomean army ‘disappeared’ in the face of the enemy, later to re-appear behind him."

Since 2009, the two scholars have revised their theory adding that the souterrains in the Abomey plateau played different functions ranging from mining, water storage and providing military installations.

[2] This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on June 19, 1998, in the Cultural category.