After the Kuva-i Inzibatiye forces loyal to the Ottoman Government were defeated by Çerkes Ethem's forces[year needed] in the Revolt of Ahmet Anzavur, he was sent to recruit Circassians for the nationalist Kuva-yi Milliye.

His efforts to persuade Circassians around the South Marmara towns of Manyas and Gönen were largely unsuccessful.

He later told Kâzım Özalp that the people of Manyas were waiting for an opportunity to launch a second rebellion.

[2] The XI Corps began the Ottoman Third Army's offensive in the Caucasus Campaign on 7 November[year needed].

[4] Behaeddin Shakir was unable to bring the IX Corps under the control Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) while Fevzi Paşa remained their commander.