Ailuravus is a genus of prehistoric rodents in the family Ischyromyidae.

It lived during the Eocene period of Europe, in forests, and may have been arboreal.

Furthermore, this species was discovered to have inhabited South Asia, specifically India.

Due to this discovery, there is thought to be a connection between South Asia and Europe before they were separated and shifted into continents.

In India, Ailuravus macrurus are thought to have inhabited the Cambay Basin, so they most likely preferred to live near aquatic regions along with fish species.