Ainissa Ramirez

[3] To prepare to pursue a science degree in college, she took classes in calculus and electrical engineering at Stevens Institute of Technology on Saturdays.

[9] Prior to being on the faculty at Yale, for four years she was a member of technical staff at Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies.

[18][19] In 2020, Ramirez published the book The Alchemy of Us: How Humans and Matter Transformed One Another, which explores eight significant inventions and the little-known inventors behind them, particularly people of color and women.

[20][21] Ramirez states that the clock and artificial lighting helped end pre-industrial habits of nightly biphasic sleep.

[22] Other inventions include copper communication cables, hard disks, photographic film, scientific glassware, silicon chips, and steel rails.