The western terminus of the highway is at an intersection with U.S. Route 331 (US 331) at Florala just north of the Florida state line.
The eastern terminus of the highway is at an intersection with SR 52 just west of Samson.
SR 54 is routed along a two-lane road as it traverses Covington and Geneva counties.
The highway assumes a northeasterly trajectory as it approaches the Covington–Geneva county line, and continues this orientation until it reaches its eastern terminus in western Geneva County.
[2] The surrounding area mostly consists of farmland and light forest growth.