Alba Township was organized in 1872, and named for the Latin word meaning "white".

23.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

About 9.1% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.4% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those sixty five or over.

Alba Township is located in Minnesota's 1st congressional district, represented by Mankato educator Tim Walz, a Democrat.

At the state level, Alba Township is located in Senate District 22, represented by Republican Doug Magnus, and in House District 22B, represented by Republican Rod Hamilton.